β2 Adrenergic receptor on T lymphocytes and its clinical implications

Sustained complex cross-talk between the immune system and the nervous system plays a vital role in retaining homeostasis in a healthy individual. One of the central regulatory mechanisms involved is the existence and functions of β2-adrenergic receptors (β2AR) on T lymphocytes. This article reviews research progress made recently, including the expression of adrenergic receptors on T lymphocytes, the structure and intracellular pathways of β2AR, the activation of β2AR by either endogenous or exogenous agonists, and the effect of β2AR stimulation on T cells which alters T cell proliferation, differentiation, cytokine production and T-helper-mediated antibody production. Furthermore, we discuss the roles of β2AR played in the pathogenesis and treatment of autoimmune diseases.