A novel prediction algorithm for solar angles using second derivative of the energy for photovoltaic sun tracking purposes

• Single and dual axis sun tracking system.
• New analytical control model of tracking system is defined by the second derivative of the energy production.
• The inclination and orientation of the modules of the sun tracking system.
• The goal is maximization of an electric energy production in the PV system.
• Objective function is not available in the explicit form.

This work deals with a new analytical control model of single axis and dual axis tracking systems. A new analytical control model of tracking is defined by the second derivative of the energy production of photovoltaic systems. The aim is to maximize energy production of photovoltaic tracking system in a simple analytical way. The method used to determine the tilt and orientation of the modules of the sun tracking system is presented analytically by the second derivative of the energy produced. To evaluate the new analytical control model, the calculation of solar radiation on moving surface is presented. The calculation of the energy produced by a photovoltaic system takes into account the efficiency of solar modules, the efficiency of inverters and area of modules. The results presented in this work show that the new analytical control model increases the yield of energy production of photovoltaic tracking systems. The calculated results are also compared with the measured results from existent photovoltaic systems. These results are important for the future research in control of the sun tracking systems.