Optimized multi-junction photovoltaic solar cells for terrestrial applications

• Photovoltaic conversion of sunlight is promising as a carbon-free-energy-source.
• An optimized multi-junction photovoltaic cell was attempted and reached.
• 58% efficiency can be reached with five junctions.

Sunlight, undoubtedly, is the future source of energy for humans. The current conversion technologies of sunlight to electricity using photovoltaic technologies are still moderate and relatively costly. The multi-junction photovoltaic cell design offers the highest achieved conversion efficiency that already exceeded the 40%. This work aims for maximizing the conversion of the sunlight for terrestrial application using the series-multi-junction photovoltaic cells by an optimal choice for the bandgap energies.