Influence of dysprosium doping on the electrical and optical properties of CdO thin films

Lightly Dy-doped CdO thin films (molar 0.5%, 1%, 2%, and 2.5%) have been prepared by a vacuum evaporation method on glass and Si wafer substrates. The prepared films were characterised by X-ray fluorescence, X-ray diffraction, UV–vis-NIR absorption spectroscopy, and dc-electrical measurements. Experimental data indicate that Dy3+ doping slightly stretchy-stresses the CdO crystalline structure and changes the optical and electrical properties. The bandgap of CdO was suddenly narrowed by about 20% due to a little doping with Dy3+ ions. Then, as the Dy doping level was increased, the energygap was also increased. This variation was explained by the effect of Burstein–Moss energy shift (or bandgap widening effect) together with a bandgap shrinkage effect. The electrical behaviour of the samples shows that they are degenerate semiconductors. However, the 2% Dy-doped CdO sample shows an increase in its mobility by about 3.5 times, conductivity by 35 times, and carrier concentration by 10 times relative to undoped CdO film. From transparent conducting oxide point of view, Dy is sufficiently effective for CdO doping.