A three-dimensional grain boundary formulation for microstructural modeling of polycrystalline materials

► A 3D boundary integral method for polycrystalline microstructures is presented. ► The technique is alternative to the more used FEM. ► It provides simplification in the artificial microstructure modeling. ► It is formulated directly in terms of intergranular displacements and tractions. ► It is a step towards multiscale modeling of material degradation of PC materials.