Incipient oxidation kinetics and residual stress of the oxide scale grown on Haynes 230 at high temperatures

► Incipient oxidation kinetics of alloy 230 has been investigated by in situ thermogravimetry. ► A two-stage oxidation kinetics was observed; each stage followed Wagner's parabolic law. ► Cr2O3 and MnCr2O4 are mixed with each other and uniformly distributed throughout the scale. ► The intrinsic residual stresses of the scale are highly tensile, ranging from 648.9 to 1308.4 MPa.