Variable-temperature Raman scattering and X-ray diffraction studies of Bi3.25Nd0.75Ti3O12 ceramics

Neodymium-substituted bismuth titanate (Bi3.25Nd0.75Ti3O12, BNT0.75) ceramics was prepared by chemical co-precipitation along with calcinations. The lattice instability has been investigated by variable-temperature Raman scattering and X-ray diffraction. The results showed that there was an orthorhombic to pseudo-tetragonal phase transition at about 695 K, in terms of the evolution of temperature dependence of Raman scattering frequencies. Some changes at about 695 K in the XRD lines, the lattice parameters (a, b, and c) as well as the orthorhombic distortion b/a have been detected in the high temperature X-ray diffraction, which confirmed the conclusion that the BNT0.75 ceramics undergoes a ferroelectric to paraelectric phase transition at about 695 K.