TiO2 hollow spheres as effective additives in oligomer electrolytes for dye-sensitized solar cells

TiO2 hollow spheres are employed as an additive of oligomer electrolytes for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). The measurement of steady-state currents confirms that introducing TiO2 hollow spheres can facilitate ionic diffusion in oligomer electrolytes. Even compared with conventional nanoparticle additives, the hollow spheres are more favorable to increase the diffusion coefficients of I− and I3− in oligomer electrolytes. Furthermore, the hollow structure with a submicron size is effective to scatter incident light and thereby enhance the light-harvesting efficiency of DSSCs. The energy-conversion efficiency of the DSSCs with TiO2 hollow sphere additives significantly improves up to 7.22% due to the facilitated ionic diffusion and the enhanced light-harvesting efficiency.