Toroidal structures from C60 agglomeration

An investigation is reported for the formation of toroidal structures of sizes ∼ 100 nm minor radii to 1 μm–15 μm major radii. The decoration of C60 is the result of interactions of C60 vapors and the secondary electrons emitted from the extractor. The secondary electrons of energies 2–3 keV are gyrated due to magnetic field and hit the deposited C60 forming toroids on the Fe substrate. C60 thin film on the surface of Fe substrate has been investigated by SEM.