Sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS)-aid hydrothermal synthesis of indium–tin oxide (ITO) precursor intersecting-rods

Indium–tin oxide (ITO) precursors were synthesized at different temperatures by sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS)-aid hydrothermal method. Their phase structures and morphologies were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and their growth mechanisms were deduced from XRD, SEM, energy dispersion spectra (EDS) and optical microscopy images. ITO precursors synthesized at 113 °C grew mainly along the [1 0 0] direction and they exhibited the best morphology of intersecting-rods.