Bulk preparation and characterization of mesoporous carbon nanotubes by catalytic decomposition of cyclohexane on sol–gel prepared Ni–Mo–Mg oxide catalyst

Multiwalled carbon nanotubes were synthesized using Ni–Mo–Mg oxide catalyst prepared by sol–gel technique. Carbon nanotubes were formed in situ by the reduction of nickel oxide (NiO) and molybdenum oxide (MoO3) to Ni and Mo by a gas mixture of nitrogen, hydrogen and cyclohexane at 750 °C. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) was used to confirm the formation of carbon nanotubes (CNTs). The pore size distribution of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) was investigated by N2 adsorption and desorption. It was found that the pore size fell into the mesopore range: 2 < d < 50 nm. Interpretation was also made using Raman spectroscopy, Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and ESR spectra. This method is found to produce a very high yield weighing over 20 times of the catalyst. Based on the experimental conditions and results obtained a possible growth mechanism of the carbon nanotubes is proposed.