Electrochemical studies on the solid embeddable reference sensors for corrosion monitoring in concrete structure

Alkaline manganese dioxide (MnO2), metal–metal oxide (MMO) and graphite reference sensors are fabricated in the laboratory as suitable as an embeddable use into the concrete structures. Sensors are embedded into the cement mortars and the electrochemical studies were carried out in the absence and presence of chloride ions. The electrochemical stability of the sensors was examined for the exposure period of one year. Polarisation behaviour and impedance characteristics of the sensors embedded in mortar was carried out in three aqueous solutions, namely distilled water, 3% NaCl and natural sea water.