Low-temperature single-step reactive sintering methods for lead magnesium niobate

Two reactive sintering methods for Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3 (PMN) and Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3–PbTiO3 (PMN–PT) processing were introduced. The first method started with Mg(NO3)2 and was able to decrease the sintering temperature to 1050 °C. The second method started with Mg(OH)2 and was able to decrease the sintering temperature to 1000 °C. Both methods simplified the processing and lowered the sintering temperatures of PMN/PMN–PT simultaneously.