Preparation and properties of TiCxN1 − x coatings containing calcium on titanium surface by plasma electrolytic carbonitriding

The TiCxN1 − x coatings containing calcium (Ca–TiCxN1 − x) were prepared on the surface of titanium through plasma electrolytic carbonitriding (PEC/N) technique in a certain concentration of electrolyte solution of triethanolamine, urea and calcium nitrate. The effects of parameters, such as discharge time, on the Ca–TiCxN1 − x coatings were investigated, and the phase composition, morphologies, surface chemical components, anticorrosion and hardness were also examined, respectively. The results show that the plasma discharge time significantly affects the microstructure and composition of the coatings. In addition, introduction of the Ca–TiCxN1 − x coatings into the Ti surface can clearly improve the wear resistance and anticorrosion. Moreover, MTT assay demonstrates that the Ca–TiCxN1 − x coatings can improve the cell viability, showing excellent cytocompatibility.

► TiCxN1 − x coatings containing calcium were prepared on Ti by PEC/N technique.
► The electrolytic solution contains triethanolamine, urea and calcium nitrate.
► Ca–TiCxN1 − x coatings show more uniform porous structure with smooth pore skeleton.
► Ca–TiCxN1 − x coatings clearly improve the corrosion resistance and hardness of Ti.
► Modified Ti exhibits excellent cytocompatibility.