Controlled fluorination of a-C:F:H films by PECVD of ethylene–hexafluorobenzene mixtures

Highly fluorinated plasma polymers are chemically inert, acid resistant and have low friction coefficients, thereby being useful in chemical laboratories and for tribological applications. Here we report the plasma polymerization of ethylene–hexafluorobenzene mixtures by PECVD. The principal parameter of interest is the proportion of C6F6 in the feed, RF. Films were analyzed using near-normal and grazing-angle Infrared Reflection Absorption Spectroscopy (IRRAS), the latter being particularly useful for detecting modes not usually observed at near-normal incidence. The presence of CH and CFx (x = 1 to 2) groups was thus confirmed in films deposited with RF ≥ 40%. Depending on RF, IRRAS also revealed the presence of –CHx (x = 1 to 3) –CC, –CO and phenyl rings. Deconvolution of C 1s spectra obtained by X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) confirmed the presence of CH, CF and CF2 groups in films deposited with RF ≥ 40%. Atomic ratios of F:C calculated from the XPS spectral data show that the degree of fluorination rises with increasing RF. Some unbound fluorine is present in the films. Post-deposition reactions account for the presence of oxygen (~ 5%) in the films. Surface energies, determined from contact angle measurements, fall with increasing RF.