C2H2 interaction with Ni nanocrystals: Towards a better understanding of carbon nanotubes nucleation in CVD synthesis

We present a study of the early stages of carbon nanotubes nucleation in CVD synthesis by combining field ion/electron emission microscopy (FIM/FEM) and atom-probe investigation (AP) of the nickel–carbon interaction. Acetylene decomposition on Ni tips at 873 K is observed to induce additional step formation on an initially facetted (polyhedral) crystal. Carbon-enriched steps are then observed to act as preferential nucleation centers of graphene sheets formation. Atom-probe experiments reveal C2 and C3 species and frequency dependent studies demonstrate that the origin of these species is different from C1. Experiments provide clear evidence for the crucial role of carbon-enriched steps as nucleation sites of graphene sheets on the Ni surface.