On-line Raman spectroscopy of calcite and malachite during irradiation with swift heavy ions

A new on-line Raman System, which was installed at the M3-beamline at the UNILAC, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung Darmstadt was used for first “in situ” spectroscopic measurements. Calcite and malachite samples were irradiated in steps between 1 × 109 and 1 × 1012 ions/cm2 with Au ions (calcite) and Xe ions (malachite) at an energy of 4.8 MeV/u. After irradiation, calcite revealed a new Raman band at 437 cm−1 and change of the full width at half maximum for the 1087 cm−1 Raman band.The Raman bands of malachite change significantly with increasing fluence. Up to a fluence of 7 × 1010 ions/cm2, all existing bands decrease in intensity. Between 8 × 1010 and 1 × 1011 ions/cm2 a broad Cu2O band between 110 and 220 cm−1 occurs, which superimposes the pre-existing Raman bands. Additionally, a new broad band between 1000 and 1750 cm−1 is formed, which is interpreted as a carbon coating. In contrast to the Cu2O band, the carbon band vanished when further irradiating the sample.The installations as well as first in situ measurements at room temperature are presented.