Photoelectrochemical and optical properties of N-doped TiO2 thin films prepared by oxidation of sputtered TiNx films

Nitrogen-doped titanium dioxide thin films with visible light photoresponse were prepared by oxidation of sputtered TiNx films, whose nitrogen contents can be easily changed by controlling the volume ratio of N2/(Ar + N2) during reactive direct current (DC) magnetron sputtering process. The reference TiO2 sample was also deposited by the same method under Ar/O2 gas mixture. The as-prepared films were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoemission spectroscopy, UV–vis spectrophotometry and photoelecrochemical measurements. The formation of anatase type TiO2 is confirmed by XRD. SEM measurement indicates a rough surface morphology with sharp, protruding modules after annealing treatment. Optical properties reveal an extended tailing of the absorption edge toward the visible region due to nitrogen presence. The band gap of the N-doped sample is reduced from 3.36 eV to 3.12 eV compared with the undoped one. All the N-doped samples show red shift in photoresponse towards visible region and improved photocurrent density under visible irradiance is observed for the N-doped samples.