Harvesting techniques for non-industrial biomass plantations

► Two harvesting systems for non-industrial short-rotation forestry were tested. ► Harvesting cost varied from 16.3 to 23.2 € t−1. ► Energy output-input ratios varied from 94 to 139. ► Global warming potential (100 yr) varied from 2.4 to 3.4 kg CO2 eq. oven-dry tonne−1. ► Terrain chipping was cheaper, but roadside chipping offered logistical advantages.