ADALINE (ADAptive Linear NEuron)-based coordinated control for wind power fluctuations smoothing with reduced BESS (battery energy storage system) capacity

• Smoothing the output power fluctuations of a wind farm.
• Suggesting a 4-step coordinated control method based on ADALINE.
• A significant reduction in the costs of BESS systems.

Most wind turbine generators installed in large wind farms are variable speed types which operate at the maximum power point tracking mode in order to increase the power generation. Due to this fact and regarding the random nature of the wind speed, the output power of the wind farm fluctuates randomly. Fluctuating power affects network operation and needs to be smoothed. In order to mitigate the output power fluctuations of a wind farm, a 4-step coordinated control technique based on ADALINE (ADAptive Linear NEuron) is proposed in this paper which uses a small BESS (Battery Energy Storage System) capacity. At first the on-line tracking of the WFOP (Wind Farm Output Power) is carried out by ADALINE. Afterwards, two constraints for maximum permissible fluctuations are imposed on the ADALINE output. Two states of charging feedback control strategies are implemented in the third and fourth steps. Reducing the battery capacity in proposed coordinated control technique is fulfilled through the accurate tracking performed by ADALINE and also by maintaining the level of BESS saved energy within the batteries safe performance region performed by state of charging feedback control strategies. Simulation results run by real data verify that the performance of the proposed approach is considerably better than the basic approach.