Enhanced geothermal systems in Europe: An estimation and comparison of the technical and sustainable potentials

• Temperatures at depths from 3500 m to 9500 m in Europe were calculated.
• An estimation of the EGS (Enhanced Geothermal Systems) technical and sustainable potentials in Europe is presented.
• The EGS technical potential for Europe is as high as 6560 GWe.
• The EGS sustainable potential for Europe is as high as 35 GWe.

In this work an estimation and comparison of the technical and sustainable potentials of EGS (Enhanced Geothermal Systems) in Europe is presented. The temperatures at depths of (3500–9500) m were firstly calculated from the available data of temperatures at surface, 1000 m and 2000 m depth, and heat flow. Next the available thermal energy stored in each 1000 m thick layer along the considered depths was evaluated. At this point, the EGS technical potential was estimated and results are presented as installable net electrical power by considering a 30 year time project. A method to estimate the EGS sustainable potential is proposed and the results are compared with the technical potential. Results are presented for the European territory as a whole and individually for each one of the European countries. Estimations for Turkey and the Caucasus region are also presented. Under the hypotheses considered in our study, the technical potential of EGS in Europe for temperatures above 150 °C and depths of between 3 km and 10 km was estimated to be more than 6500 GWe. The part of this technical potential that can be considered as ‘sustainable’ or ‘renewable’ potential was estimated to be 35 GWe.