Retrofit design of a boil-off gas handling process in liquefied natural gas receiving terminals

► A retrofit design of the BOG handling process was proposed to maximize energy savings. ► The superstructure of the proposed design was developed based on a thermodynamic analysis. ► In the proposed design, the cryogenic energy of the LNG stream was utilized to directly cool down the BOG streams. ► The payback period of the proposed design is sufficiently short for investment in industry.