Thermoeconomic analysis of a low-temperature multi-effect thermal desalination system coupled with an absorption heat pump

This study presents a thermal and economic performance analysis of a LT-MEE (low-temperature multi-effect evaporation) water desalination system coupled with an LiBr–H2O ABHP (absorption heat pump). A 60–78% water production increase over a stand-alone LT-MEE run at the same heat source conditions can be obtained owing to the coupling. A detailed thermodynamic sensitivity analysis of the ABHP-MEE is performed. Although ABHP is usually considered to be more efficient than an EHP (ejector heat pump), we also compare the thermal performance of the ABHP-MEE with an integrated EHP-MEE system. The results show that the ABHP has a more favorable thermal performance than the EHP only in certain parameters ranges. The reasons and these parameters ranges are discussed. The economic analysis of the ABHP-MEE shows that the capital cost of the ABHP accounts for a very small part of the water cost, and when designing an ABHP for an existing MEE unit, the parameters selection of an ABHP for lower water cost is consistent with that for better thermal performance. The unit steam cost is an important factor in determining whether the ABHP-MEE or the EHP-MEE is economically favorable, with the influence discussed. Also, a recommended general procedure for economic comparison between ABHP-MEE and EHP-MEE is outlined.