Injection and boiling of liquid CO2 with a hydrate coating

We elucidated the effect of a hydrate film on the CO2 droplet size when the droplet was injected into high-pressure water. The factors that influence the droplet size and shape are the injection rate, nozzle diameter, temperature, and also the tension and propagation velocity of the hydrate thin film. We also found that the hydrate film on the droplet will promote the boiling of liquid CO2 when the pressure decreases. These results can be applied to the release of liquid CO2 droplets in the ocean for CO2 sequestration: for example, when the drops rise above 500-m in the ocean, boiling due to decompression should occur.