Lysine deficiency and feed restriction independently alter cationic amino acid transporter expression in chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus)

The effect of a lysine-deficient diet on cationic amino acid transporter (CAT1-3) mRNA expression was determined in broiler chickens. Chicks consumed a lysine-adequate (LA; 1.3% lysine) or lysine-deficient (LD; 0.7% lysine) diet. Pair-fed chicks consumed the LA diet in an amount equal to that consumed by LD chicks during the previous day (PLA). CAT 1–3 mRNA expression in the liver, pectoralis and bursa of LD chicks were lower than that of LA and PLA chicks (P < 0.05), and levels were not detectable in LD chick thymus. High affinity CAT mRNA expression in isolated bursacytes was 16-fold higher in LD chicks than that of LA chicks (P < 0.001). Thymocyte high affinity CAT mRNA expression was 5-fold lower than that of LA chicks (P < 0.05). The summed amount of high affinity CAT-1 and CAT-3 mRNA expression in chicks fed a lysine adequate diet was highly correlated (r2 = 0.51; P < 0.001) to a tissue's growth during a lysine deficiency or feed restriction. In the thymus and bursa of LD chicks, CAT mRNA levels differed between resident lymphocytes and their surrounding tissues. By expressing high affinity CAT isoforms, developing lymphocytes may have a greater ability to obtain lysine than their surrounding tissue during a lysine deficiency.