Gypensapogenin H, a novel dammarane-type triterpene induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis on prostate cancer cells

• The novel dammarane-type triterpene inhibited the growth of human prostate cancer cells.
• GH exhibited the strongest inhibitory effects on DU145 and 22RV-1 cells.
• It significantly inhibited proliferation and decreased survival.
• For the both cell lines, GH led to cell cycle arrest and induced apoptosis.

Gypensapogenin H (GH) is a novel dammarane-type triterpenes obtained from hydrolyzate of total saponins from Gynostemma pentaphyllum and its anti-tumor activity has been studied in previous work. In this study, we report the effects of this compound on human prostate cancer cells (DU145 and 22RV-1). It significantly inhibited proliferation, decreased survival, led to G1 cell cycle arrest and induced apoptosis in both cell lines, while having lesser effect on the growth of normal human gastric mucosa cells (GES-1), embryonic kidney cells (HEK293) and lung fibroblast cells (MRC5). Consistent with these phenotypes, we observed decreased expression of the cell cycle-related proteins cyclinD1, and CDK4, and increased expression of p21 in GH-treated cells. Besides, the anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 protein decreased in a dose-dependent manner, while Bax, cleaved caspase-3 and -9 increased upon GH treatment. Taken together, these results indicated GH exerted promising anticancer activity, and may represent a potential agent for the treatment of prostate cancer.

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