Interventions for the metabolic dysfunction in polycystic ovary syndrome

• PCOS is associated with insulin resistance, obesity and dyslipidemia.
• Cardiometabolic risk in PCOS should be evaluated at regular intervals.
• Lifestyle intervention is the first management of metabolic dysfunction in PCOS.
• Metformin and statins can be used selectively for metabolic dysfunction.
• Oral contraceptive use in PCOS is unassociated with adverse cardiometabolic outcome.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is associated with metabolic disturbances including obesity, insulin resistance, diabetes and dyslipidemia. Cardiometabolic risk should be assessed at regular intervals starting from diagnosis. A comprehensive clinical evaluation includes determination of body mass index, waist circumference, blood pressure and measurement of serum lipid and glucose levels in all women with PCOS. A standard 2-h 75 g oral glucose tolerance test is required for women with a body mass index over 25 kg/m2 and with other risk factors for glucose intolerance. No long-term data are available for the risk or benefit of any medical intervention for metabolic dysfunction of PCOS. For the initial management of metabolic dysfunction in PCOS, available guidelines recommend lifestyle intervention which improves androgen excess and insulin resistance without significant effect on glucose intolerance or dyslipidemia. Pharmacological interventions include insulin sensitizing agents and statins. Metformin is the most commonly prescribed insulin sensitizer in PCOS. Available randomized controlled trials suggest that metformin improves insulin resistance without any effect on body mass index, fasting glucose or lipid levels. Short term use of statins alone or in combination with metformin decreases total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol and triglycerides in PCOS patients with dyslipidemia. Low dose oral contraception in PCOS appears not to be associated with clinically significant metabolic dysfunction.