Homeodomain-Interacting Protein Kinase Regulates Yorkie Activity to Promote Tissue Growth

SummaryThe Hippo (Hpo) tumor suppressor pathway regulates tissue size by inhibiting cell proliferation and promoting apoptosis [1, 2, 3, 4 and 5]. The core components of the pathway, Hpo, Salvador, Warts (Wts), and Mats, form a kinase cascade to inhibit the activity of Yorkie (Yki), the transcriptional effector of the pathway [6 and 7]. Homeodomain-interacting protein kinases (Hipks) are a family of conserved serine/threonine kinases that function as regulators of various transcription factors to regulate developmental processes including proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis [8]. Hipk can induce tissue overgrowth in Drosophila [ 9 and 10]. We demonstrate that Hipk is required to promote Yki activity. Hipk affects neither Yki stability nor its subcellular localization. Moreover, hipk knockdown suppresses the overgrowth and target gene expression caused by hyperactive Yki. Hipk phosphorylates Yki and in vivo analyses show that Hipk’s regulation of Yki is kinase-dependent. To our knowledge, this is the first kinase identified to positively regulate Yki.

Graphical AbstractFigure optionsDownload high-quality image (130 K)Download as PowerPoint slideHighlights
► Hipk induces tissues overgrowth and leads to activation of Yki target genes
► Hipk is required for activity of hyperactive Yki
► Hipk kinase function is essential to promote Yki target genes