FrontiERs: movers and shapers of the higher plant cortical endoplasmic reticulum

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in higher plants performs many important functions, yet our understanding of how its intricate network shape and dynamics relate to function is very limited. Recent work has begun to unpick key molecular players in the generation of the pleomorphic, highly dynamic ER network structure that pervades the entire cytoplasm. ER movement is acto-myosin dependent. ER shape is dependent on RHD3 (Root Hair Defective 3) and a family of proteins called reticulons. The major challenge that lies ahead is understanding how factors that control ER shape and movement are regulated and how this relates to the numerous functions of the ER.

► Movement and re-modelling of the cortical ER in plants is organised by the actin/myosin cytoskeleton.
► The ER surface can be motile.
► The reticulon family of proteins induce ER curvature and are restricted to tubules and curved rims of cisternae.
► The Arabidopsis RHD3 protein may be involved in organising ER network structure.
► The ER network may form a highway for the transport of viral RNA and coat proteins.