کد مقاله | کد نشریه | سال انتشار | مقاله انگلیسی | نسخه تمام متن |
---|---|---|---|---|
2046837 | 1073824 | 2011 | 9 صفحه PDF | دانلود رایگان |
Iron, zinc, copper and manganese are essential metals for cellular enzyme functions while cadmium, mercury and the metalloid arsenic lack any biological function. Both, essential metals, at high concentrations, and non-essential metals and metalloids are extremely reactive and toxic. Therefore, plants have acquired specialized mechanisms to sense, transport and maintain essential metals within physiological concentrations and to detoxify non-essential metals and metalloids. This review focuses on the recent identification of transporters that sequester cadmium and arsenic in vacuoles and the mechanisms mediating the partitioning of these metal(loid)s between roots and shoots. We further discuss recent models of phloem-mediated long-distance transport, seed accumulation of Cd and As and recent data demonstrating that plants posses a defined transcriptional response that allow plants to preserve metal homeostasis. This research is instrumental for future engineering of reduced toxic metal(loid) accumulation in edible crop tissues as well as for improved phytoremediation technologies.
► The ABC transporters Abc2 (S. pombe), ABCC1 (A. thaliana), and ABCC2 (A. thaliana) have been identified as the long-sought vacuolar phytochelatin transporters.
► The vacuolar ATPase HMA3 affects shoot-root partitioning of cadmium.
► Cadmium in seeds is co-ordinated by thiol-containing compounds.
► Heavy metals induce transcriptional responses that allow plants to preserve metal homeostasis.
► The transcriptional regulators required for Cd-induced and As-induced gene expression remain unknown.
Journal: Current Opinion in Plant Biology - Volume 14, Issue 5, October 2011, Pages 554–562