The genetic architecture of natural variation in flower morphology

A pollination syndrome is defined as a suite of floral traits that are associated with the attraction of a specific group of animals as pollinators. Traits such as flower morphology, color, scent, and rewards contribute to the plant's reproductive success by attracting pollinators. Here we focus on the genetics of natural variation in flower morphology and how the adaptation between plants and their cognate pollinator class contributes to plant's reproductive success. We review recent work on the genetic basis of interspecific differences in reproductive organ morphology and discuss possible genetic mechanisms for coordinated changes in complex syndromes.

Research highlights▶ We review recent work on the genetic basis of interspecific differences in reproductive organ morphology. ▶ Convergent evolution of stylar morphologies occurred in adaptation to wind and animal pollination. ▶ LO2, encoding a putative transcription factor, is the first gene identified at the molecular level; it is responsible for style length differences between wild and cultivated tomato. ▶ Co-localisation of floral QTL and/or pleiotropy have been described in several studies and we discuss possible genetic mechanisms for coordinated changes in complex syndromes.