Occurrence of the aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases in high-molecular weight complexes correlates with the size of substrate amino acids

One of the distinctive and mysterious features of mammalian aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (AARSs) is the existence of stable high-molecular weight complexes containing 10 out of 20 AARSs. The composition and structure of these complexes are conserved among multicellular animals. No specific function associated with these structures has been found, and there is no evident rationale for a particular separation of AARSs in “complex-bound” and “free” forms. We have demonstrated a strong association between the occurrence of AARSs in the complexes and the volume of their substrate amino acids. The significance of this association is discussed in terms of the structural organization of translation in the living cell.