Kinome-wide Functional Analysis Highlights the Role of Cytoskeletal Remodeling in Somatic Cell Reprogramming

• Kinome-wide functional analysis identifies kinases that regulate reprogramming
• Four networks of 59 kinases show highly interconnected molecular functions
• TESK1 and LIMK2 modulate actin cytoskeleton through phosphorylation of COFILIN
• Crosstalk between ILK and TGFβ pathway enzymes regulates cytoskeletal remodeling

SummaryThe creation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from somatic cells by ectopic expression of transcription factors has galvanized the fields of regenerative medicine and developmental biology. Here, we report a kinome-wide RNAi-based analysis to identify kinases that regulate somatic cell reprogramming to iPSCs. We prepared 3,686 small hairpin RNA (shRNA) lentiviruses targeting 734 kinase genes covering the entire mouse kinome and individually examined their effects on iPSC generation. We identified 59 kinases as barriers to iPSC generation and characterized seven of them further. We found that shRNA-mediated knockdown of the serine/threonine kinases TESK1 or LIMK2 promoted mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition, decreased COFILIN phosphorylation, and disrupted Actin filament structures during reprogramming of mouse embryonic fibroblasts. Similarly, knockdown of TESK1 in human fibroblasts also promoted reprogramming to iPSCs. Our study reveals the breadth of kinase networks regulating pluripotency and identifies a role for cytoskeletal remodeling in modulating the somatic cell reprogramming process.

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