Immunopathological mechanisms in multiple sclerosis

Genetic indicators that correlate with a predisposition for multiple sclerosis (MS) have been identified. The expression of specific major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC II) haplotypes and altered variants of costimulatory molecules, for example, cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated antigen-4 (CTLA-4), are hypothesized to allow for aberrant activation of myelin-specific autoreactive T cells. The current review focuses on possible mechanisms by which the expression of these proteins contribute to disease.

Section editors:Terry Delovitch – The John P. Robarts Research Institute, London, ON, CanadaDavid Scott – University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA