Visual function endpoints to enable dry AMD clinical trials

The slow progression of nonexudative age-related macular degeneration (dry AMD) presents challenges for drug discovery. The standard endpoint used for ophthalmic clinical trials, best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), is insensitive to the early stages and slow progression of dry AMD. Effective drug discovery for dry AMD treatments will therefore require novel applications of more effective visual function endpoints.This review will present candidates for visual function endpoints for dry AMD clinical trials. The promising visual assessments include contrast sensitivity, reading speed, microperimetry and dark adaptation. Their adoption as exploratory endpoints in future trials will be crucial for determining their accuracy, precision and applicability, and ultimately determine their value for drug discovery.