Neural-Competent Cells of Adult Human Dermis Belong to the Schwann Lineage

• Human dermis-derived cultures show two types of SOX2+ cells: Schwann and perivascular
• p75NTR+CD56+ Schwann cells are responsible for neural progeny
• SOX2 expression levels regulate the neural competence of dermal precursors
• p75NTR+CD56+ neural precursor cells similarly arise from human cardiospheres

SummaryResident neural precursor cells (NPCs) have been reported for a number of adult tissues. Understanding their physiological function or, alternatively, their activation after tissue damage or in vitro manipulation remains an unsolved issue. Here, we investigated the source of human dermal NPCs in adult tissue. By following an unbiased, comprehensive approach employing cell-surface marker screening, cell separation, transcriptomic characterization, and in vivo fate analyses, we found that p75NTR+ precursors of human foreskin can be ascribed to the Schwann (CD56+) and perivascular (CD56−) cell lineages. Moreover, neural differentiation potential was restricted to the p75NTR+CD56+ Schwann cells and mediated by SOX2 expression levels. Double-positive NPCs were similarly obtained from human cardiospheres, indicating that this phenomenon might be widespread.

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