Perspectives for biocatalysts in food packaging

Since the market for minimally processed foods is broadening, packaging is being implemented in strategies that actively contribute to the food preservation and transformation concepts. One opportunity is given by the incorporation of biocatalysts, usually in prefabricated carriers, where they can fully retain their activity. These biocatalysts can be repeatedly reused within the packaging or, under controlled conditions, migrate to the product. The potential use of packages composed of classic polymers with functional surfaces or highly swellable biopolymers is being successfully tested, showing good perspectives for the controlled release when directly used in contact with the product or as part of combined strategies. Moreover, new nanostructured materials (modified clays, LBL assemblies, electrospun fibres) are being implemented as part of more innovative solutions. This review summarizes the most recent developments and upcoming possibilities to incorporate biocatalysts in polymers traditionally used in food packaging applications and in some recently introduced biopolymers.