Regulation of TGF-β1 expression by Androgen Deprivation Therapy of prostate cancer

In this paper we studied the in vivo neoadjuvant Androgen Deprivation Therapy (ADT) effect on the expression of TGF-β1 and its receptor Tβ-RII. Mechanisms of androgen dependence are critical to understanding prostate cancer progression to androgen independence associated with disease mortality, and TGF-β is thought to support prostatic apoptosis as its expression coincides with androgen ablation in benign and cancer tissues.Increase of both mRNA and protein level were shown for the first time only in the patients who underwent neoadjuvant ADT for 1-month. This transient increase of TGF-β expression after androgen ablation suggested cooperation of the pathways in prostate regression. Since no alteration was observed in the gene transcriptional activity, the molecular mechanism of this cooperation, probably act at the post-transcriptional level.TGF-β1 and Tβ-RII specific signals were co-localized within the neoplastic prostate epithelium. Our results suggests that the androgens deprivation by means of ADT for 1-month, involves a shift of the TGF-β1 mechanism in prostate cancer, suggesting that the TGF-β1 promotes prostate epithelial cell proliferation and inhibits apoptosis in a autocrine way.