Endosulfan increases seric interleukin-2 like (IL-2L) factor and immunoglobulin M (IgM) of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) challenged with Aeromona hydrophila

Endosulfan is a persistent organochlorine insecticide which is extremely toxic to fish. It is known to induce immunological alterations in juvenile Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) such as increases in phagocytic activity and reactive oxygen species production of spleen macrophages. The purpose of the present study was to demonstrate the effects of acute exposure to a sublethal concentration of endosulfan (7 ppb, 96 h) on parameters of the adaptive humoral immune response of the aforementioned aquatic organism. The effect of endosulfan on the capacity of immune cells to produce interleukin-2 like (IL-2L) factor and immunoglobulin M (IgM) in response to a challenge with ½ LD50 of the infectious bacteria Aeromonas hydrophila was evaluated.Experimental results indicate that short, sublethal, endosulfan exposure triggers a succession of events beginning with non-specific activation of macrophages followed by an exacerbated synthesis of the IL-2L factor by activated B cells. This leads to significantly increased secretion of IgM and could in turn facilitate autoantibody production and the development of autoimmune pathologies.