Ultrasonographic assessment of standing laparotomy wound healing in dairy cows

The surgical wounds of 40 cows with a standing clean laparotomy were assessed 10–15 days after surgery. The abdominal wall thickness on the upper (w1), the middle (w2) and the lower (w3) third of the wound (and the contralateral flank n1, n2, and n3), the presence of edema, cavitary lesion, capsulated lesion, or visualization of shadow artifact in the wound were assessed ultrasonographically. On day 30, wound healing status (normal or surgical site infection (SSI)) was determined. Five out of 39 cows (12.8%) had SSI. A significant positive correlation was found between w3 and edema (p < 0.01; r = 0.44), w3/n3 and edema (p < 0.05; r = 0.32), w3 and pain on wound palpation (p < 0.01; r = 0.41); w3/n3 and the presence of pain (p < 0.002; r = 0.49) and w2/n2 and pain when palpating the wound (p < 0.05; r = 0.33). No association was found between the ultrasonographic evidence of edema and SSI (p = 0.10), cavitary lesion and SSI (p = 0.65), encapsulated lesion and SSI (p = 1), and shadow artefact and SSI (p = 1). The wound ultrasonography 10–15 days after surgery was not predictive of abnormal wound healing.