The microbiome modulates arbovirus transmission in mosquitoes

• Complex interactions occur within the mosquito holobiome that profoundly alter the phenotype of the host.
• Bacteria can enhance or suppress arbovirus transmission in mosquitoes.
• Microbes modulate arboviruses by several distinct mechanisms.
• Microbiota can be harnessed for novel vector control approaches.

Mosquito-transmitted arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) such as dengue virus, chikungunya virus, and West Nile virus constitute a major public health burden and are increasing in severity and frequency worldwide. The microbiota associated with mosquitoes (comprised of viruses, bacteria, fungi and protozoa) can profoundly influence many host phenotypes including vector competence, which can either be enhanced or suppressed. Thus, the tripartite interactions between the mosquito vector, its microbiota and the pathogens they transmit offer novel possibilities to control arthropod-borne diseases.

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