Kaposi sarcoma associated herpesvirus pathogenesis (KSHV) — an update

• We review recent advances in KSHV pathogenesis.
• We review viral genes and microRNAs involved in KSHV pathogenesis.
• We review clinical manifestations of KSHV-associated diseases.

Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is the etiological agent of several human malignancies. The virus is able to modulate pro-proliferative pathways to its advantage, while simultaneously inhibiting pro-apoptotic signaling pathways. These functions are carried out by multiple viral proteins acting in concert. The overall outcome is the survival and proliferation of the infected cell. Additionally, the virus also modulates innate immune pathways to allow for prolonged survival of the infected cell following primary infection, and during viral latency. Here we review the latest advances in our knowledge of KSHV pathogenesis.