The genome-linked protein VPg of vertebrate viruses — a multifaceted protein

Several vertebrate positive-sense RNA viruses, namely the Picornaviridae and Caliciviridae have evolved to use a protein-primed mechanism of genome replication. This results in the covalent linkage of a virus encoded protein, VPg (viral protein genome-linked), to the 5′ end of viral RNA. Recent studies have highlighted the pivotal role VPg plays in the life cycle of these viruses, which in the case of the Caliciviridae, includes a role in viral protein synthesis. This article provides an overview of the current knowledge of the functions of vertebrate RNA virus VPg proteins, illustrating their diverse function and the parallels they share with plant virus VPg proteins.