(E,Z)-3-(3′,5′-Dimethoxy-4′-hydroxy-benzylidene)-2-indolinone blocks mast cell degranulation

(E,Z)-3-(3′,5′-Dimethoxy-4′-hydroxy-benzylidene)-2-indolinone (indolinone) is an alkaloid that has been identified as a pharmacologically active compound in extracts of the traditional anti-inflammatory herb Isatis tinctoria. Indolinone has been shown to inhibit compound 48/80-induced mast cell degranulation in vitro. Application of indolinone to bone marrow derived mast cells showed that it was uniformly distributed in the cytoplasm and that cellular uptake was terminated within minutes. Pre-treatment of IgE-sensitized mast cells with 100 nM indolinone rendered them insensitive against FcɛRI-receptor dependent degranulation. However, upstream signalling induced by antigen such as activation of PI3-K and MAPK remained unaffected. We conclude that indolinone blocks mast cell degranulation at the level of granule exocitosis with an IC50 of 54 nm.