کد مقاله | کد نشریه | سال انتشار | مقاله انگلیسی | نسخه تمام متن |
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2534531 | 1559093 | 2009 | 9 صفحه PDF | دانلود رایگان |
The nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) is a transcription factor essential for cytokine production during T-cell activation and is the target of several immunosuppressive drugs. Andrographolide is a diterpenic labdane that possesses anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects. Several studies propose that andrographolide can reduce the immune response through inhibition of the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) such as extracellular signal regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) pathways. Moreover, andrographolide reduces IFN-γ and IL-2 production induced by concanavalin A in murine T-cell. Nevertheless, the mechanisms involved in the decrease of cytokine production are unknown. In the present study, we determined that andrographolide reduced IL-2 production in Jurkat cells stimulated with phorbol myristate acetate and ionomycin (PMA/Ionomycin). We then showed that andrographolide reduced NFAT luciferase activity and interfered with its nuclear distribution, with these effects being linked to an increase in c-jun-N-terminal kinase (JNK) phosphorylation. Additionally, reduction of NF-κB activity in Jurkat cells treated with andrographolide was observed. Using Western blotting, we demonstrated that andrographolide decreased ERK1 and ERK5 phosphorylation induced by anti-CD3 or PMA/Ionomycin. Andrographolide did not affect cell viability at concentration of 10 and 50 μM; however, our results suggest that andrographolide increase early apoptosis at 100 μM. We concluded that andrographolide can exert immunomodulatory effects by interfering with NFAT activation and ERK1 and ERK5 phosphorylation in T-cells.
Journal: European Journal of Pharmacology - Volume 602, Issues 2–3, 14 January 2009, Pages 413–421