Development, validity and reliability of a novice adjusting simulator for the thoracic spine: Preliminary investigation

During testing the simulator was found to be reliable and valid; it was felt that changes in the device are needed to allow it to more closely represent resistance of the human thoracic spine. The studies used to determine thoracic resistance were mostly done in vitro and may therefore not represent thoracic stiffness of a thoracic spine in vivo. More studies of thoracic stiffness in vivo are needed to be able to modify the adjusting simulator to more accurately represent the stiffness of the thoracic spine in a living human body.