Frontotemporal Dementia: Identification and Management

• FTD represents 10% of all dementias, the leading cause of early-onset dementia.
• FTD is mistaken for Alzheimer’s disease, schizophrenia, or bipolar affective disorder.
• FTD can present as apathy, antisocial behavior, disinhibition, and lack of insight.
• With FTD, behavioral symptoms often worsen on common dementia medications.
• FTD produces unique challenges for caregivers related to the patient’s behaviors.

Dementia is a disease primarily affecting older adults in their ability to carry out daily activities. Frontotemporal dementia (FTD), a leading cause of early-onset dementia, can present in the fourth and fifth decade by progressive changes in personality, affect, and behavior. The atypical presentation of FTD may resemble a midlife crisis, depression, schizophrenia, or a traumatic brain injury among its causes. The etiology of FTD is unknown, although genetic links have been suggested, thus treatment focuses on behavioral and symptom management. Early diagnosis of FTD is needed to better support the emotional and financial burdens of family and caregivers.