Actualités et perspectives dans la prise en charge de l'hémiplégie cérébrale infantile en médecine physique et de réadaptation

Hemiplegic (or spastic unilateral) cerebral palsy accounts for about 30% of all cases of cerebral palsy. With a population prevalence of 0.6 per 1000 living births, it is the most common form of cerebral palsy among children born at term and the second most common type among preterm infants. Precocity of care at observation of the first symptoms allows preventing orthopaedic disorders and furthermore the installation of pathological patterns. Before any therapeutic intervention, it is necessary to evaluate the lower and upper limb function by means of reliable, valid and reproducible tools. This helps define precise and mutual objectives for child and family as well as therapists, therefore allowing an objective evaluation of the results. This principle applies as much in fundamental techniques (physiotherapy, occupational therapy, psychomotricity, orthesis…) as in more recent developments such as botulinum toxin, exercise programs, constraint-induced therapy, motor mental imagery or virtual reality. These recent therapies present, at various degrees, scientific evidence of their efficiency in the improvement of limb function and are now an integral part of the usual care of children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy.