The Effect of Ginkgo Biloba on Functional Measures in Multiple Sclerosis: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial

BackgroundMultiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic demyelinating neurological disease afflicting young and middle-aged adults, resulting in problems with coordination, strength, cognition, affect, and sensation.ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to determine whether a ginkgo extract (EGb 761) improved functional performance in individuals with MS.DesignThis study used a double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel group design. The end point was change between baseline (ie, preintervention) and follow-up evaluation following a regimen of four tablets per day at 60 mg per tablet for four weeks.SettingThe study was conducted in academic and clinical-based settings.Patients/ParticipantsTwenty-two individuals with MS were randomly assigned to either the treatment or control condition. Groups did not differ with respect to age, IQ, and education.InterventionHalf of the subjects received 240 mg per day of ginkgo special extract (EGb 761), and the other half received placebo.Main Outcome MeasureThe main outcome measures assessed depression (Center for Epidemiologic Studies of Depression Scale [CES-D]), anxiety (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory [STAI]), fatigue (Modified Fatigue Impact Scale [MFIS]); symptom severity (Symptom Inventory [SI]) and functional performance (Functional Assessment of Multiple Sclerosis [FAMS]).ResultsThe ginkgo group had significantly more individuals showing improvement on four or more measures with improvements associated with significantly larger effect sizes on measures of fatigue, symptom severity, and functionality. The ginkgo group also exhibited less fatigue at follow-up compared with the placebo group.ConclusionsThis exploratory pilot study showed that no adverse events or side effects were reported and that ginkgo exerted modest beneficial effects on select functional measures (eg, fatigue) among some individuals with MS.