Mortality and Morbidity After Transmetatarsal Amputation: Retrospective Review of 101 Cases

Medical records were reviewed for 90 patients (101 amputations) (mean age 64.3 years, range 39 to 86 years) who underwent transmetatarsal amputation (TMA). The mean follow-up period, excluding those patients who either died or went on to a more proximal amputation less than 6 months after TMA, was 2.1 years. Patients were examined for any postoperative complications associated with TMA. Complications were defined as hospital mortality occurring less than 30 days postoperatively; stump infarction with or without more proximal amputation; postoperative infection; chronic stump ulceration; stump deformity in any of 3 cardinal planes; wound dehiscence; equinus and calcaneus gait. An uncomplicated outcome was defined as the absence of all these complications and an ability to walk on the residuum with a diabetic shoe and filler after a minimum follow-up of 6 months. The χ2 tests of association were used to determine whether diabetes, a palpable pedal pulse, coronary artery disease, end-stage renal disease, cerebral vascular accident, or hypertension were predictive of or associated with healing. A documented palpable pedal pulse was a predictor of healing (P = .0567) and of not requiring more proximal amputation (P = .03). End-stage renal disease predicted nonhealing (P = .04). A healed stump was achieved in 58 cases (57.4%). Postsurgical complications developed in 88 cases (87.1%). Two patients died within 30 days postoperatively. These data suggest that TMA is associated with high complication rates in a diabetic and vasculopathic population.